[Epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 caused by 2019-nCoV Delta variant in Shangyu district, Shaoxing of Zhejiang province].

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 caused by 2019-nCoV Delta variant in Shangyu district, Shaoxing of Zhejiang province in 2021, and provide evidence for the improvement of COVID-19 control and prevention measures. Methods: The incidence data of COVID-19 in Shangyu from December 7 to 21, 2021 was obtained from Shangyu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The epidemiological characteristics of the cases, i.e. the population, time and space distributions, were analyzed, and the incubation period and time-varying reproduction numbers (Rt) were calculated. Results: From December 7 to 21, 2021, a total of 380 COVID-19 cases caused by 2019-nCoV Delta variant were detected in Shangyu, the median age of the cases was 52 years, M (Q1，Q3: 38, 61). The male to female ratio of the cases was 1∶1.25, and the cases were mainly workers (36.58%) and farmers (27.63%). The epidemic affected 9 townships (or community) of Shangyu, especially Caoe and Baiguan communities with the cases accounting for 57.10% and 31.53% respectively. The median incubation period of cases was 4.00 days, M (Q1，Q3: 3.00, 5.75). The basic reproduction number (R0) was 4.06, and the Rt was 5.62 in early phase of the outbreak (the highest) and continuously decreased to less than 1.00 within 10 days after the detection of the outbreak. The number of COVID-19 cases decreased to 0 within 14 days after the outbreak (December 7-21), and the main detection methods were screening in centralized isolation (55.53%) and home isolation (40.00%). The infection rates of close contacts and secondary close contacts were 2.06% and 0.46% respectively. Conclusion: The epidemic of COVID-19 in Shangyu characterized by short incubation period, large number of infected people, and case clustering, suggesting the strong transmission of Delta variant (B.1.617.2). Comprehensive prevention and control measures, such as management of close contacts and secondary close contacts, and high-risk area, are essential for the rapid control of the epidemic.

[Epidemiology, clinical characteristics and treatment in 278 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Guangzhou].

Objective: To retrospective analyze the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: A total of 278 patients with COVID-19 admitted to Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital from January 20 to February 10, 2020 were selected. The general demographic data, epidemiological data, clinical symptoms, laboratory examinations, lung CT imaging, treatment and prognosis were analyzed. Results: There were 130 male patients (46.8%) and 148 females (53.2%) with age (48.1±17.0) years and 88.8% patients between 20-69 years. Two hundred and thirty-six (84.9%) patients had comorbidities. Two hundred and eleven cases (75.9%) were common type. The in-hospital mortality was 0.4% (1/278). The majority (201, 72.3%) were imported cases mainly from Wuhan (89, 44.3%). The most common clinical manifestations were fever (70.9%) and dry cough (61.5%). In some patients, hemoglobin (10.4%), platelets (12.6%) and albumin (55.4%) were lower than the normal range. Other biochemical tests according to liver and function were normal, while lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) was elevated in 61 patients (21.9%), creatine kinase increased in 26 patients (9.4%). Prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was seen in 52 patients (18.7%), D-dimer higher than normal in 140 patients (50.4%), while 117 patients (42.1%) had elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Typical CT manifestations included single or multiple ground glass shadows especially in lung periphery in early disease which infiltrated and enlarged during progressive stage. Diffuse consolidation with multiple patchy density in severe/critical cases and even "white lung" presented in a few patients. Two hundred and forty-two patients (87.1%) received one or more antiviral agents, 242 (87.1%) combined with antibacterials, 191 (68.7%) with oxygen therapy. There were 198 patients (71.2%) treated with traditional Chinese medicine. Conclusions: COVID-19 could attack patients in all ages with majority of common type and low mortality rate. Clinical manifestations involve multiple organs or systems. Progression of the disease results in critical status which should be paid much attention.

Potential molecular mechanism for Chaiyin Granules against coronavirus infection based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Objective: To reveal the molecular mechanism of Chaiyin Granules in treatment of coronavirus infection based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods: The chemical constituents of Chaiyin Granules were collected by TCMSP database. SwissTargetPrediction database and GeneCards database were used to predict the potential targets of active ingredients and coronavirus. The potential active ingredients and its targets of Chaiyin Granules in the treatment of coronavirus infection were found through Venn diagram. The potential active compounds-targets network and the PPI network were visualized by Cytoscape 3.7.0. GO-enriched analysis and KEGG pathways analysis were constructed on STRING database. The molecular docking of potential active compounds and key targets was achieved by autodock vina 1.1.2. Results: Fifty-one potential active ingredients and 14 potential targets for Chaiyin Granules on treatment of coronavirus infection were obtained. KEGG pathways analysis showed that 44 metabolic pathways were involved to Chaiyin Granules effect on coronavirus infection, including MAPK signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway and IL-17 signaling pathway. The results of molecular docking showed that baicalin, cubebin, coptisine, daidzein-4,7-diglucoside, linarin, liquiritin, luteolin and wogonin in Chaiyin Granules had strong affinity with NTRK2, PRKCα, TNF, VEGFA, GSK3β. Conclusion: This study elaborated that baicalin, cubebin and coptisine in Chaiyin Granules interacted with NTRK2, PRKCα, TNF, VEGFA, GSK3β and regulated PI3K-Akt/mTOR, ErbB/Ras and IL-17 signaling pathways to inhibit the invasion and replication of coronavirus and enhance immunity to battle against coronavirus infection. This study provides a research basis and theoretical basis for the application of Chaiyin Granules in the treatment of anti-coronavirus infection.

Mechanism of Jingfang Granule in treatment of coronavirus infection by biological information technology

Objective: To explore the mechanism of Jingfang Granule in treatment of corona virus infection through biological information technology based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods: The databases of TCMIP and TCMSP were used to summarize the flavor and meridian tropism and active compounds of Jingfang Granule, and the potential targets of active compounds were searched by PubChem and SwissTargetPrediction. The corona virus targets were collected from the GeneCards database. And common targets were enriched and analyzed by DAVID database after the intersection of the compounds targets and the disease targets. Then the network of "TCM-Ingredients-Common targets" was established by Cytoscape 3.7.2, the main active components and key targets were screened for molecular docking. Results: Totally 139 active components of Jingfang Granule and 27 common targets were obtained. GO enrichment analysis and KEGG enrichment analysis found that the pathways in cancer, MAPK signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway were the main pathways of Jingfang Granule in treatment of corona virus infection. The network of "TCM-Ingredients-Common targets" was successfully constructed, and results of molecular docking showed that the main components in this network such as β-sitosterol, cerevisterol, isorhamnetin, hesperetin, and luteolin etc., have good affinity with key targets of VEGFA, IL6, TNF, PPARγ, APP, ACE2, and SARS-CoV-2 3CL hydrolase. Conclusion: Jingfang Granule treats corona virus infectious diseases through the compatibility of multiple traditional Chinese medicine. Its resistance to corona virus infection may be through the β-sitosterol, cerevisterol, isorhamnetin, hesperetin, and luteolin act on the VEGFA, IL6, TNF, PPARγ, APP and other targets, and then affects the pathways in cancer, MAPK signal pathway, PI3K-Akt signal pathway, TNF signal pathways to achieve.